What are the most commonly known languages by Black people? No one compiles numbers that way, but this post should give you a rough idea, a first approximation.
What I counted:
- Black counts everyone in Africa (except for White and Asian South Africans) and Black people in countries in Europe and the Americas with at least a million people of apparent African descent. This definition is a simplification to make the post doable, which is why I call it a first approximation.
- Creole forms of a language count as part of that language. So, for example, Jamaican Patois and Nigerian Pidgin count as part of English, Haitian Creole as part of French, and so on.
- L1 + L2 – in Africa I count both first and second language speakers. Otherwise languages like Swahili or English would seem less important than they are. In the Diaspora, though, I count only L1 speakers.
So, looking at Africa and the Diaspora separately:
Top languages in Africa:
- Arabic (>300m)
- English (234m)
- French (123m)
- Swahili (88m)
- Hausa (88m)
- Amharic (60m)
- Yoruba (47m)
- Oromo (46m)
- Portuguese (41m)
- Berber (>40m)
- Lingala (40m)
- Fula (40m)
- Igbo (31m)
- Zulu (29m)
- Malagasy (25m)
For comparison, in Europe Romanian has 28 million (mostly White) speakers, while English has 260 million – not all that much more than in Africa.
What about just sub-Saharan Africa? Excluding Arabic and Berber would give you an approximation – but only an approximation. Those languages bleed into sub-Saharan Africa.
What about White Africans? Most Whites live in South Africa. They were excluded. Smaller groups, like the 200,000 Portuguese Angolans and 43,000 White Kenyans, were not.
Top languages in the Diaspora (countries listed from highest to lowest):
- Portuguese (91m) – Brazil (pardo + preto).
- English (54m) – US, UK, Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, Canada.
- Spanish (35m) – Columbia, Domincan Republic, Cuba, US, Venezuela, Ecuador.
- French (16m) – Haiti, France (includes overseas departments like Martinique and Guadeloupe).
Except for the US, Blacks are assigned to the main language in their country or Canadian province. So Black Brazilians count as Portuguese speakers even though plenty know English too as a second language.
And now, putting the two together:
Top languages Black languages:
- Arabic (>300m)
- English (288m)
- French (139m)
- Portuguese (132m)
- Swahili (88m)
- Hausa (88m)
- Amharic (60m)
- Yoruba (47m)
- Oromo (46m)
- Berber (>40m)
- Lingala (40m)
- Fula (40m)
- Spanish (35m)
- Igbo (31m)
- Zulu (29m)
- Malagasy (25m)
Media power: The media power of the US is so vast that even Black people in Brazil see themselves partly through the Black gringo gaze from the US. On the English-language Internet – which is 55% of the whole Internet! – Black content from the US swamps that from Africa and the Caribbean – at least as of 2016 during my Black Media Month.
By 2100, English will easily be the top language in Africa: in 2017, in nearly every country in Africa and the Diaspora, English is a required subject at school. Demand for English has spread way beyond the US and the former British Empire:
– Abagond, 2024.
Source: Mainly Wikipedia, Babbel, and FluentU.
See also:
- Top languages
- African
- The map of Black people – more about the map at the top.
- African Diaspora
- The ten largest countries by population, 1900 to 2100
- Black Media Month review
- Other African languages:
- Wolof
- Songhai
- Ancient Egyptian
- African Latin
- The libraries of Timbuktu
- British Empire
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