James O. Eastland (1904-86), a Dixiecrat known as the Voice of the White South and the Godfather of Mississippi Politics, was a US senator for Mississippi briefly in 1941 and then unbriefly from 1943 to 1978. As head of the Senate subcommittee on civil rights he proudly blocked proposed civil rights laws. He owned a huge cotton plantation complete with Black people working in the fields.
Joe Biden, a political fossil who is running for US president, waxed nostalgic about him the other day. As the New York Times reported:
“I was in a caucus with James O. Eastland,” Mr. Biden said, slipping briefly into a Southern accent, according to a pool report from the fund-raiser. “He never called me ‘boy,’ he always called me ‘son.'”
Eastland, as senator, used the word “nigger” during Senate debates.
In 1954 the Supreme Court ruled, in Brown v Board, that having separate schools for Blacks and Whites – racial segregation – was against the US Constitution.
Eastland:
“On May 17, 1954, the Constitution of the United States was destroyed because of the Supreme Court’s decision. You are not obliged to obey the decisions of any court which are plainly fraudulent sociological considerations.”
Eastland informed the Senate of the Jim Crow conditions in the South:
“Segregation is not discrimination. Segregation is not a badge of racial inferiority, and that it is not is recognized by both races in the Southern States. In fact, segregation is desired and supported by the vast majority of the members of both races in the South, who dwell side by side under harmonious conditions.”
In 1955, a year later, Emmett Till was lynched – one county over from Eastland’s cotton plantation.
In 1961, President Kennedy would not uphold the law to desegregate interstate travel. He was cowed by powerful White Southern Democrats like Eastland. So the Freedom Riders protested. After they were attacked by the Klan in Anniston, Alabama, Kennedy made a deal with Eastland to have them arrested and sent to the infamous Parchman prison in Mississippi – in exchange for police protection.
In 1963, in spite of President Kennedy’s support for the Civil Rights Act, Eastland and others opposed it. That led to the March on Washington.
James Baldwin and Stokely Carmichael saw Eastland as a poster boy of the moral bankruptcy of the Democratic Party, right up there with George Wallace. Baldwin:
“I can’t imagine voting for any Democrat, because that party contains Eastland.”
In 1967 Eastland tried to block Thurgood Marshall from becoming the first Black judge on the Supreme Court.
In 1977, Joe Biden, then a senator, wrote to Eastland, then the head of the Senate Judiciary Committee:
“I want you to know that I very much appreciate your help during this week’s committee meeting in attempting to bring my anti-busing legislation to a vote.”
Busing was used to racially desegregate schools, something Biden opposed despite Brown v Board.
Biden, speaking of Eastland in 2019:
“At least there was some civility [in the 1970s]. We got things done.”
– Abagond, 2019.
See also:
- Dixiecrat
- Brown v Board
- Jim Crow
- White paternalism
- Emmett Till
- Freedom Riders
- March on Washington, 1963
- Civil Rights Act of 1964
- James Baldwin
- Stokely Carmichael
- George Wallace
- Thurgood Marshall
- American school resegregation
- Joe Biden – in 2008
- Biden 2020
541
“In 1977, Joe Biden, then a senator, wrote to Eastland, then the head of the Senate Judiciary Comittee:
“I want you to know that I very much appreciate your help during this week’s committee meeting in attempting to bring my anti-busing legislation to a vote.”
Busing was used to racially desegregate schools, something Biden opposed despite Brown v Board.
Biden, speaking of Eastland in 2019:
“At least there was some civility [in the 1970s]. We got things done.””
Hmm, what does this fact say about Obama’s presidency?
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What it says about all thing people oriented is that people have to get along at the time they are living on this earth.
Living during the period that is being discussed is not going to be understood by some young “Turk” today! They do not have to put up with that crap! They will get their guns and take over!
I lived during that time and black people died when they did not toe the line! It is great that people are now reading about the past. Many blacks today are still living where they are without any “power”!
The current growth of the white supremacist should tell all 42 million blacks that they need friends to support there movement towards equality. There are 329,015,029 people in the US. Subtract the 42 million blacks and you have 287 plus million others.
We need their support!
Whatever Joe Biden did to accomplish a movement forward for blacks should be celebrated. He did not have to desire to support anyone. White people that supported the black movement were mistreated,isolated and denied advancements! Jews were killed helping get blacks the equal rights they have today!
Is are thanks to them to cry out that they should have had pride and not complied with those segregationist that were in power. What would have happened if Harry Truman had not convinced the white Generals that they had to allow integration. He had to work with those same people, yielding to their firm believes. Those segregationist died believing in the separation of the races.
The conversion of Robert Byrd was a miracle!
Not one of the current crop of individuals running for president today has ever met one of those die hard people! You can read about them; however, you cannot actually understand them until you have had the requirements of dealing with them.
McConnell is not a segregationist!
If you read the notes of the Constitution Convention you will understand the belief system of the southern segregationist. They not only demanded slaves, they allowed millions of whites to live in total abject poverty! They were as close to a Monarch as they could get.
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Allen Shaw, we don’t need white people to pat themselves on the back, for shit they should have been doing.
This dude was an avid segregationist, but Joe Biden in all his white privilege is so tone deaf,
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Is inbreeding rampant in those Dixiecrat states?
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Allen Shaw, it takes less that 0.5 in this post ‘click-of-a-botton’ information age, to acquaint yourself with facts.
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Abagond,
Would it be too many links to add a cluster of links to posts related to the Mississippi delta, the region he is from? I think you have at least a dozen posts that discuss it and so many more can be written about this region of the country (eg, Delta Blues).
@DorisJean23
Isn’t your family from Sunflower County Mississippi? I wonder if any of them (Black, Native, Chinese or otherwise) had any contact with this guy before he became a Senator.
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Ha-ha, like fighting desegregation and affirmative action, putting more people of color in jail, ha-ha.
re: AS’s
Well, I Iived during that time period, and attended school in the nation’s largest school system ever subjected mandatory desegregation by bussing. A few years later I went to university in Boston and they were still reeling from from the recent bussing there.
In fact, I can even remember being in my mother’s hometown of Anniston, AL back to the 60s, when George Wallace was the governor, and I had relatives on both sides of my family in Anniston during the Freedom rides, including both Chinese-American cousins and German-American great aunts and uncles.
You are spurting forth complete balderdash.
People in the 1970s, especially those in the mid-Atlantic region, knew very well what they were doing. They knew what fighting desegregation meant. And Joe Biden did not exactly accomplish “a movement forward” for blacks and that was a very willful position and not “just the times” In fact, by the early 70s, even Archie Bunker was portrayed as being out of step with the times and people laughed at that.
Biden knew what he was doing and it was a willful act.
Admittedly, mandatory desegregation by bussing was largely a failed experiment. Its main damage was disruption to communities. But we did not know that in the early 70s. Yet its purpose was to enforce Brown v. Board, which arguably, it did. We did not know how schools would manage to segregate within the schools themselves, nor how systems and neighborhoods would resegregate in a short period of time.
Biden, however, appears not to understand in 2019 why bringing up his behaviour from the 1970s is not helping. Now, I would say he does not know what he is doing. But, it would make a good remake of “All in the Family” so that we can laugh at how he is woefully out of step with the times.
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Why, because he has an Asian wife? I’ve heard that one before.
Come to mention it, I have even heard and met his wife in person before too. And I can vouch that SHE is a segregationist. I am not going to repeat what I heard her say 5 feet right in front of me about black people. It ain’t good.
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That thing white people do where they ascribe the best intentions to the most awful people regardless of their actions is one of the most disgusting things about white supremacy.
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“He never called never called me boy, he always called me son.” WTH! I don’t think we need any old white men in the White House. Joe Biden is problematic he sure won’t be getting my vote that’s for sure. Being an apologist and remembering someone as abhorrent as a segregationist bigot like that devil Eastman is beyond disgusting.
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We don’t need anymore old white men in the White House.
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@Mary B.
Amen to that.
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@Cherry Boy I said “Living during the period that is being discussed is not going to be understood by some young “Turk” today! They do not have to put up with that crap! They will get their guns and take over!
Young “Turks” is my expression for young blacks that are well advanced in there position in the social system. Please forgive me for using a word you do not use.
There guns are law books and lawyers!
@Jefe:By the 60s there had been 20 years of integration. Times had changed massively. I had lived in Texas 1949, Louisiana 1955 and Alabama 1961. George Wallace had been put down. I was in Montgomery, Alabama integrating Squadron Officers School when it happened. As I said you do not know what those ‘segregationist” were like. Who had power in congress and what had to be done to get cooperation if you were attempting to get things done. Think Rev Marten L King! You had relatives I was there!
There is a difference between a segregationist and a prejudiced individual. McConnell is a power hungry individual “who has learned how to control”. He reflects the southern view in his decision making.
Words have meaning. He has not as I can find out recommended separating blacks from whites and/or returning blacks to Africa. The old south is dead no matter how bad you perceive it.
Please separate people that are racist from segregationist! I am glad you were close enough to Mrs. McConnell to hear her express her segregationist views; however, I believe if you had been close to a true segregationist you would know the difference between an extremely rich person from one of China’ most powerful families, any normal rich southern citizen of USA or any of the billionaires of this nation versus a true individual who believed in the total subjugation of the black race.
@ Abagond Tell me, what did Biden say?
“Please quote” what he said that has everyone jacked out of shape other then he had to work with powerful segregation thinking people and got along!
********** Please quote! Please quote! Do not generalize!
In 1949 after serving in an all black unit for three years I was assigned to a white military unit in Texas. Integration of the United States Air Force had begun. The last words I heard when I left Ohio were “they are going to kill you”! That period was the beginning of the end of segregation!
Today we have “Black Power” an expression I never heard in my youth! 42 .million citizens moving forward at their own ability and opportunity.
What is holding blacks back, who and where?
What will the average person do with the money that would be paid to them if they were given reparation in the form of immediate cash? If they were given a saving account they could not touch for x number of years what would they do?
(off subject)
Since most blacks who are in poverty can get a free education through 4 years of college, what is holding them back? Or am I wrong?
We have many black educators and in addition we have some whites that attempt to teach, do we have individuals who want to learn and if you give those who do not want to learn, money will they want to learn.
https://www.studentdebtrelief.us/scholarships/scholarships-grants-african-american-students/
http://www.collegescholarships.org/grants/african-american.htm
So, who needs help and who, among those that are responding, are helping?
Finally, remember we have Trump because many wise blacks did not vote for Mrs. Clinton!
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AS,
we were talking about what Biden said in the mid-70s, By that time people knew what they were saying. It be akin to saying people are ignorant of what consensus is on Transgender issues or Same Sex marriage today. If you asked about that 1990s, that would be different.
I would agree that the awareness of segregationist attitudes was not so much a thing in the 40s-50s, but by the 1970s, no. People knew by then.
Would someone today in 2019 think that it is a matter of reaching across the aisle and get things done in a civil manner by kicking transgender out of the military and rescinding their VA benefits, or by supporting discrimination on LGBT on religious grounds? No one can do that now and claim 40 years from now that they did not know what they were doing.
My parents are both older than Biden, but they knew full and well what it meant in the 1970s. My Alabama grandparents, born near the turn of the century (ie, just before Eastland) did not.
And I know the difference between segregation and racial prejudice thank you. Even I attended segregated schools and then desegregated schools, lived in segregated neighborhoods, then desegregated neighborhoods. Both have resegregated. Except that did not happen in the Mississippi delta where Eastland is from. The segregation academy set up in Eastland’s home county in the 1960s only recently admitted 2 black students (in a town that is 90% black). Have they somehow remained unaware of what they are doing?
This is segregation, not simply racial prejudice.
Blockbusting was a tool to enforce segregation, not a tool to exercise racial prejudice. It took advantage of racial prejudice fears (eg, the fear of falling home prices or increased crime if blacks moved in) to implement segregationist measures.
My father was a journeyman electrician and the DC chapter of the national IBEW labour union had over 2000 members in the early 1970s, and not one single black member (in a city, mind you, that was over 70% black). They didn’t even let in Asian or Latino members, so my father was full aware that he was the “token” to prove that the IBEW was not racist.
But I would argue quite forcefully that the motivating force for their efforts was segregation, not racial prejudice. They saw the IBEW as a club, and they wanted to keep blacks (as well as Asians, Latinos) out.
Funny that integration in the 1970s evolved to a system which started to gut out and reduce the power of labour unions in the 1980s. Some of the middle-aged white men in the 80s probably sincerely believed that it was because they started admitting blacks in the 70s and blamed it on them.
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@ JEFE they didn’t even let in Asian or Latino members, so my father was full aware that he was the “token” to prove that the IBEW was not racist.
I am not quite sure you see the 70s the way it was. It was integration time! Companies were picking blacks that would fit into the work environment. I was referred to in negative term (You remember (oreo) black on the outside white on the inside. You may consider your father another oreo!
The oreo’s made the way for opening the jobs for others! I am not sure you can find any books written because oreo’s are considered House N—– by blacks.
From 1949 untill 1980 I was hired into positions that had been closed to blacks.
I suggest you follow your father work history and see how many blacks came to work within 5 years of his starting to work. He opened the doors to allow blacks to enter, Please do not spoil his work by saying he was a token n————–.
He was a very important part of the integration of the blacks into the white work force.
If you like to research instead of just following the standard line go back to the 60s and see how many blacks worked in the various companies.
A lot of progress has occurred.
You say that “Both have resegregated.”! Are you certain that the blacks have not contributed as much to that as whites? After all the majority of blacks continue to live in the 5 or 6 worse states in the union and refuse to venture away to seek opportunities. I do not believe any state that has not had any black representative in their past 150 years is a very good place to continue to live. Atlanta GA is full of successful blacks.
“My parents are both older than Biden, but they knew full and well what it meant in the 1970s.”
With all due respect to your parents they were not in the Senate trying to get the job done. You are telling me that you do not understand how the bills were passed that made the life of blacks better. You had to stroke those segregationist to let your voice be heard. How many of Berni’s bills have been passed. If you do not go along you will not get along! Study Lyndon B Johnson.
http://www.lbjlibrary.org/lyndon-baines-johnson/lbj-biography
https://nypost.com/2019/06/21/joe-bidens-years-old-letters-to-racist-senator-revealed/
Power is power!
Voices are being loud about what people will do; however, once in office azz kissing begins.
Restudy the 50th 60th and 70th and see how things worked out. It was not a win win for the blacks.
Try to study politics before you make any more judgements about those that are getting things done.
The intent of school busing was to make people want to stop integration!
From the beginning of integration the best black teachers were transferred to the majority white school. The majority black schools started receiving marginal white teachers.
Perhaps you should go back to the school busing issue and see what the outcome was. Children were bused to schools across town when they lived almost across the street from a school. Many individuals were against school busing.
Many people have friends that do not agree with their philosophy!
This is a political hit job that is attempting to kill off Joe Biden. The democratic firing squad is circled and next week all of the potential winners will have been given a death blow and “dear old donald’ will be in for 4 more years.
All of Abagond followers will be scratching their head wondering what happened! Stand by, the trash will start flying against all of the balance of Democrats!
Fairness belongs in the church, it is no where visible in congress.
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@ jefe I am very proud of those blacks, like your father, who found themselves in an all white work environment and produced amazing work. All of my working years those of us, and there were many, toiled away until the company satisfied itself that blacks were an asset!
My hat is off to your father “the token”!
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“At least there was some civility [in the 1970s]. We got things done.” – Joe Biden, Presidential candidate, 2019
Deconstruction filter: At least there were some openly impolite politicians in the 1970’s. We, the Dixiecrats turned Demorats, racists, and Neo-Nazis got things done.
Yup, .. even in June 2019, Joe Biden is still a proud segregationist in Democratic garb.
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Joe Biden, had to be told not to put his hands on women and learn about boundaries and what is inappropriate. He’s very tone def. I still don’t think he understands why that’s wrong. So if he doesn’t get that then I doubt if he understands why speaking so fondly of an abhorrent segregationist and his use of the word “boy.” is problematic. Symone Sanders is his campaign manager and why is she not doing a better job at coaching him? Especially when it comes to addressing African Americans and wanting their support? I am disappointed in her especially. And after being Vice President to Obama you would think he would know better than to make these asinine comments.
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The “caucasity “ the White privilege + audacity telling Corey Booker to apologize to him for calling him out on his racist comments is astounding.
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@ Mary Burrell:
That tells you it was not a “gaffe”.
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@Abagond: It’s pretty obvious Biden is tone def and has many blind spots in regards to issues of race. Bernie Sanders is the same way. We don’t need any more old white men in this office. Can’t teach old dogs new tricks. For Biden to say something stupid as “He never called me boy.” Joe Biden is a white man of course he wouldn’t call him “boy.” Biden is being obtuse in this regard. Again why is Symone Sanders a black woman who is his campaign manager helping him with these problematic statements?
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AS,
My father was not white, but he was not black either.
He joined the IBEW about 1958, and there was not a single black person (or other non-white for that matter) until 15 years later, when it functioned as a “good ole boys” network. The IBEW was under pressure to bring in more nonwhites to enter the skilled trades, so my father helped bring in a few Chinese-American and other Asian-Americans BEFORE they started to admit blacks (to help them demonstrate that they did not discriminate against non-whites). Blacks did start to enter shortly after that.
That actually, in the end, helped to cause my father to lose his job, but that is another complicated explanation. In short, if you are surrounded only by white people, then you learn a set of accommodations to deal with that. Some of them are psychologically stressful, but you survive. But when you are surrounded by both white factions and black factions, and you don’t fit neatly within either one, then it becomes a more precarious tightrope to navigate and easier to slip and fall.
You mentioned before that you did not learn about US history after the 1930s and 40s and that put you at a disadvantage, yet lecture me that I need to l to
Actually, this is my recommendation to you. There are many holes in your knowledge and you could consider spending more time in the library and doing more research.
During the early years of desegregation when I was in High School, I recognized that the high school history class did not teach me about why there was a problem. I got every book from the public library that I could lay my hands on in MD and DC to understand what happened, what was happening, etc. I learned about the history of race, ethnicity, integration, the melting pot theory (and why it failed) and how arbitrary race was to begin with and why multiracial people were forced to conform to certain racial identities. I lived through it and studied it heavily to understand what the issue was about busing. And yes, it was a failure in the end because it split away kids from their communities, and disrupted their social experience in school. However, it was intended to address the failure of school systems to comply with Brown v. Board, and it did accomplish that objective, if even only nominally and temporarily.
And “with all due respects” you forget that I am from Washington, DC. My mother ran a business in a congressional building and most of her customers were Congressmen, Senators and staffers (or even their mistresses). Many family friends worked for Congressmen. I had friends who were congressional interns. My Aunt campaigned for a bill through Congress in the 1970s, which I wrote about in another post. Why are you so patronizing?
Biden’s problems are not at all limited to his prior and current attitude about working together with diehard segregationists to get things done. He has a slew of problems and makes them worse every time he opens his mouth. Not sure that is what we want in a president. If he wins the Democratic nomination, then that means we will almost certainly get 4 more years of Trump anyway. I suspect that the wealthy donor class would prefer that to a progressive that they don’t like.
(Ie, they would still rather have Biden be the nominee even if he loses, lest the people elect someone not supporting their interests. )
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@MB,
Do you think any of the democratic party presidential contenders are worthy of consideration? Or which of them would be not as bad?
A black woman that I have known in Prince George’s county ever since I was a child recently retired from Amtrak. She worked on the trains between DC and NY and saw Biden frequently on the trains over many years as he basically commuted every week between DC and Delaware. Over time, he recognized her, learned her name, and greeted her on the train whenever he saw her. She told me that he was one of the most polite and gracious men she had ever met and that he was indeed that “nice guy” that people refer to.
I suspect that he makes gaffes and simply does not realize it. When he doesn’t stick his foot in his mouth, he may indeed be a nice guy. But I do not like his policy objectives, his continuous flip-flopping on serious issues and his shady business connections, and that is enough for me to drop any support for him. His recurring “gaffes” don’t help, especially his inability to recognize them and apologize for them.
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@Jefe: Listening to the Democratic Jim Cliburn Fish Fry. Kamala Harris brought the fire with her speech. I feel she could take Trump in a debate because of her experience as a prosecutor. She could wipe him out. Elizabeth Warren had a good speech and she talked about fixing the wealth tax, and wiping out student loan debt. These gaffes are going to hurt Biden. There are lots of black people that like Joe Biden not sure I want to vote for him. I am watching Julian Castro.
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@jefe
“My father was not white, but he was not black either.
He joined the IBEW about 1958, and there was not a single black person (or other non-white for that matter) until 15 years later, when it functioned as a “good ole boys” network”
Forgive me I made a stupid mistake in assuming your father was black when you called him a “token”! I never heard of any tokens other then blacks so I have learned something new!
When I said I did not learn any history from school after 1944 it is because I left school. I have lived an active life since!
It is not wise for me to continue to discuss a life that I lived with a person who has selectively read about a time in history.
“In short, if you are surrounded only by white people, then you learn a set of accommodations to deal with that. Some of them are psychologically stressful, but you survive.”
Do you realize what you just said? That is just what Joe Biden said in a few different words! I am sorry your father became a victim of the integration. He was referring to power groups and that is who your father was dealing with. Not race but POWER! (White Power/Black Power)
And “with all due respects” you forget that I am from Washington, DC. My mother ran a business in a congressional building and most of her customers were Congressmen, Senators and staffers (or even their mistresses).
I did not forget: I responded to the comment. I do not go back to see who or how big a big shot a person is!
I am expressing my views as I lived them in the worker bee world not from some lofty position where people believe the poop does not stink!
The Democratic Party is up and the circular firing squad is in position. Senator Booker has fired the first shot against Joe Biden and the Abagond Crew has join in. This will be a repeat of the Clinton episode.
I think I read that Bernie has announced that if he does not get the nomination he will run as a third party. Is that true?
“But I do not like his policy objectives, his continuous flip-flopping on serious issues and his shady business connections, and that is enough for me to drop any support for him. His recurring “gaffes” don’t help, especially his inability to recognize them and apologize for them.”
That is a personal right for you to disagree with any one of the candidate!
The Democratic Party makes the decisions in their platform about policies and the people who are put into the Cabinet positions. A normal President allows the Cabinet Leaders do the work. I do not see the same gaffes as you do! I know what it took to work with people in the 50s, 60s and 70s.
I cannot understand if you are from the far east or from south of the border! I am not sure of terminology.
On many occasions I supervised people regardless of race,religion, or any other difference, because those I worked for “placed power in my hands”!
The main problem with the current president is he does not give power to anyone! No one can make a decision and not be blocked! Very unusual!
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re:AS’s comments
Yes, indeed, a token can also be used to keep out blacks entirely, in addition to keeping out additional blacks. Or at least it used to be. Or it might be a way to keep out other people besides blacks. There is a lot of things to learn.
Your personal life experience is also exceedingly selective. You might also read about the time period you actually lived in to learn more, or learn from the personal testimony of OTHERS who lived a life (that is / was different from yours). I learned about an incredible variety of life experiences from people who lived through that time period as well as those parallel to mine. My investigation has not been that selective and is ongoing. I was not alive in the 1940s, but it has never stopped me from learning about the experiences of others.
Not exactly. My father reformed his thinking afterwards, but apparently Joe Biden did not. Also, Joe Biden’s survival was not as dependent on it as my father’s originally was.
Well, first he was a victim of segregation. After learning the tools to survive that (and they were very psychologically damaging), he found that the tools did not work after desegregation with blacks entering the industry and ended getting him into trouble. When there are two racial groups alongside each other, but separate, then “3rd race” people need to learn how to navigate the racial tightrope. He did not learn to adjust his behaviour in time to adjust to the new situation.
His gaffes are glaringly obvious. Not the gaffes he made in the 1970s (I might not call them exactly gaffes either), but the ones he is making in 2019.
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The problem is you see what you see and I see what I see. Joe Biden said he got along with prejudiced individuals in the past. You resent him admitting that and you want him to say he was wrong when he did get along!
To me you want him to lie. Today congress is stopped dead in its tracks because there is no compromising of ones believes!
What do you think is going to happen if someone does not yield?
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@JEFE “I was not alive in the 1940s, but it has never stopped me from learning about the experiences of others.”
You cannot really read much about some experience because it was not recorded. Try to find history of the black military.
Example:
Very few reporters were involved with the black units of WW II. You are smarter than I so produce the records I have been unable to find!
What you read about slavery is written by writer who interviewed old slaves in 1929 (how old were the slaves 35 +29 = 64 years after slavery – after living JIM CROW for 64 years I doubt if they could remember the difference), white writers during slavery, mostly who approved of slavery and abolitionist who wrote many untruths as well as true documents.
I have quite a few article on the subject.
I have read history of Lincoln which now seems to be considered non factual! New authors are writing what they claim is the true history.
You may discount my experience versus your reading and calling my experience insignificant against those who have read about and written from what they read.
There is no question that slavery was an evil concept; however, the fruits of slavery were not enjoyed by nearly as many individual as popularly believed. Are we going to go to England and take all of the money away from the Slave Traders, who profited, the Tribal Chief that profited, the owners of the ships used in the trade. What have you studied about the entire slave trade.
About the IBEW: International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
You perhaps need to wonder why your father could tolerate whites but not the few blacks that came along as you imply! Were the blacks so inefficient that they were unacceptable. There could not have been very many blacks, because most blacks were not into joining such groups, unless they were in a shop. I actually only hired one black electrician, one time, mainly because he was too busy. He was independent and not a part of the union.
At the end of this there is this fact. I do not represent just my knowledge in this conversation. My mother was a Stewart in the union and worked with the Union leaders in the 40s. Both of my grand fathers were ministers and worked with the programs of the advancement of black during the 1900 until 1945 period. I have worked in integrating white establishments from 1949 on until I retired.
That means in the trenches!
I read daily of the attempts to continue integrating even as many younger blacks believe it is hopeless to work with whites.
This conversation is about a white man who tells people that he got along with white racist to accomplish goals. He is being criticized for saying today that he did so! If you have not had to work through such activities, you cannot read your way through such circumstances.
Once again the words of L B Johnson: “You have to go along to get along”! Times have not changed!
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@ jefe
“But we did not know that in the early 70s. Yet its purpose was to enforce Brown v. Board, which arguably, it did. We did not know how schools would manage to segregate within the schools themselves, nor how systems and neighborhoods would resegregate in a short period of time”
WE – who do you mean WE! I knew busing was stupid, my tenants had to see their kids taken across the city to another poor neighborhood. Somehow they were not bused to the rich neighborhoods because they were in “other” districts.
By the way I do not believe the schools re segregated, Perhaps the cities did.
Jefe – you are going to have the last word. It appears you are the victim of being part white and the other part comes from the far east. I am unaware of anyone in your category acting anyway other way than white!
As I said, I was in Alabama when Wallace attempted to stand in the door way in some symbolic way. He knew he had loss, because the Alabama National Guard had been called to active duty and he had no military to support him. Also there were thousands of US Marshals at Maxwell AFB. I left Alabama shortly after that time!
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